The Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) links science and policy across a broad range of environmental and development issues at all scales across the globe. 2011 atlantic basin hurricane season; 2011 atlantic basin hurricane season. part ii; 2011’s disasters; 2011’s trend of damaging tornadoes continues in the midwestern usa; 2011’s tropical storm arlene; an sos for 2011. The Initiative for Policy Dialogue helps developing and transition countries explore economic policy alternatives and enable the widest possible civic participation in economic policymaking. Energy and Air Pollution 2016 - World Energy Outlook Special Report. FAO National Aquaculture Sector Overview (NASO)Characteristics, structure and resources of the sector. In the early 1. 98. Italy played a major role in the development of modern aquaculture in the Mediterranean region and production of fish and shellfish increased from the 1. Stable productions were observed in 2.
Viticulture is currently experiencing a gradual shift to more sustainable production practices. Many producers see in this shift an opportunity to increase thei. The occupational trend in aquaculture in Italy showed an increase in 2002-2011. 7 426 workers were recorded in 2011; 5.5 percent more than in 2003. The number of workers with a permanent job increased from 66 percent to 93. An overview of global cement sector trends Insights from the Global Cement Report 10th Edition Thomas Armstrong International Cement Review XXX Technical Congress FICEM-APCAC 2 September, 2013 Lima, Peru. Purpose. The new Board of Directors is seeking input on proposed elements of a Mission Statement for the North-South Institute moving forward and on how to realize that mission. The Back-Story. The North-South Institute was. Forty species of fish, shellfish and crustaceans are farmed, but 9. European seabass, gilthead seabream, Mediterranean mussel, and Japanese carpet shell in marine waters. Italian aquaculture can be divided into three main farming systems: extensive fish culture (ponds, confined coastal lagoons, “valli”), intensive fish culture (land- based, inshore and offshore cages) and shellfish culture (suspended and bottom culture). In 2. 01. 3, there were 8. Shellfish companies accounted for over 5. In the last decade some intensive marine land- based farms moved to the open sea for conflicts for land use in coastal areas. However, the high bureaucratic commitment and the complex and expensive licensing systems have not facilitated the start of new aquaculture enterprises. National aquaculture production was 1. EUR 3. 93 million. Mussel production accounted for 6. The freshwater and marine sector represented respectively 2. Italy accounted for 1. European (EU2. 7) aquaculture productions in weight in 2. Spain, France and UK, and 1. FAO, 2. 01. 5). Italy is the EU largest producer of Japanese carpet shell (9. Mediterranean mussel and is the leading producer of caviar in the EU. Italy is a net importer of seafood products, with imports 8 times higher that exports in 2. Per capita seafood consumption declined in recent years from 2. Within the reform action requested by the European Commission for aquaculture [COM(2. General Directorate for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry Policies prepared the 2. National Multiannual Strategic Plan for Aquaculture, with the aim of re- organizing national aquaculture and promoting strategic interventions according to production characteristics, regional specializations and environmental vocations. Aquaculture in Italy dates back to the Etruscans and Ancient Romans and reflects the historical interest in fish production in the Mediterranean region. Traditional marine fish culture was born in coastal lagoons, where euryhaline species such as European seabass, gilthead seabream, grey mullets and European eel entered for trophic reasons and were confined in primitive forms of extensive culture systems, which evolved in time. In this context, the north Adriatic “vallicoltura” represented the most important farming model, dating back to the 1. Ancient Diritto Veneto. The implementation of artificial propagation techniques since the mid 1. European sea bass and gilthead sea bream. Shellfish culture also originated in confined coastal areas, such as coastal lagoons, sheltered gulfs and harbours. With reference to freshwater, the first Italian trout farm was built in Piemonte (northwest Italy) in 1. Lazio and Trentino only in the 1. The first family farms characterized by modest productions started in the 1. Most trout farms were built in the 1. Thanks to the experience gained in freshwater culture, in the early 1. Italy played a major role in the development of marine aquaculture in the Mediterranean region, transferring know- how to several countries. The first intensive productions of European sea bass and gilthead sea bream were performed in land- based farms, on technologies drawn and adapted from trout culture. The availability of hatchery produced fry and juveniles from artificial propagation and the production of correctly formulated feed contributed to a better growth of these species, determining a quick expansion of land- based marine aquaculture in Italy. At present Italian marine fish culture suffered from the competition on the market with the fast growing cage farming industry in other Mediterranean countries, mainly Greece and Turkey. This also because of the delay in moving intensive culture from land- based farms to sea cages, mainly for environmental and bureaucratic constraints and also for the morphology of Italian coastal shores which are largely unprotected. Today Italian aquaculture is a unique heritage of knowledge, experience, excellence and culture that has fostered the development of diversified culture practices adapted to the favorable geomorphological, climatic and environmental conditions of the country. Italy plays a leading role within the Mediterranean and European aquaculture market. It is characterized by high quality products, meeting consumer demand for safety and high nutritional and organoleptic value. The occupational trend in aquaculture in Italy showed an increase in 2. The number of workers with a permanent job increased from 6. Women's employment is still very low, accounting to 4 percent in 2. Most man power is involved in the shellfish sector (7. Employment in aquaculture (2. No. % No. % No. % Permanent 4 6. Seasonal 2 3. 99 3. Total. 7 0. 36 8 5. Source: MIPAAF, 2. National Multiannual Strategic Plan for Aquaculture (IT- SAP, 2. Data: UNIMAR (2. 01. Italian aquaculture can be divided into three main farming systems: extensive culture (ponds, confined coastal lagoons, “valli”), intensive culture (land- based, inshore and offshore cages) and shellfish culture (suspended and bottom culture). In 2. 01. 3, 8. 20 aquaculture companies were present in Italy, mainly located in the north (6. Islands (2. 6 percent) and the centre (1. Since 2. 00. 2 the number of companies increased by 2. Shellfish companies account for over 5. Mussels are mainly produced in suspended longlines though the traditional fixed method is still used in coastal areas and coastal lagoons (e. Trieste, gulf of Taranto, Veneto lagoons, etc.), whereas carpet shells are grown directly on the sea bottom. At present shellfish culture is carried out in 1. Italian regions, mainly in the Adriatic region. Mussels are mainly farmed in Emilia Romagna, Veneto and Apulia, but also in Marche, Sardinia and Campania. Carpet shell production is limited to a few regions, mainly to Emilia- Romagna and Veneto. The remaining 5. 0 percent of the companies is located in continental areas (7. Italian production. As far as fish culture is concerned, freshwater aquaculture represents the most important sector in both production weight and value. Fish are commonly reared in tanks at density not exceeding 2. Marine fish farming is mainly practiced in intensive systems, both in land- based facilities (tanks or ponds) and at sea (inshore and offshore cages) scattered along the Italian coastal areas. Ninety farms (1. 1 percent of the total number of aquaculture farms) operated in 2. Seabass and seabream as well as other species such as grey mullets and European eel are also cultured under extensive and semi- extensive conditions in coastal areas (e. Adriatic regions and in Sardinia, Sicily, Apulia and Lazio. More than 4. 0 fish, shellfish and crustaceans species are cultured in Italy, though 9. European sea bass, gilthead sea bream, Mediterranean mussel and Japanese carpet shell. Oncorhyncus mykiss), sea trout (Salmo trutta), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii), Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus), Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccari), beluga (Huso huso) and also hybrids, for the production of meat and caviar. Other freshwater cultured species are common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and other cyprinids, catfish (Ictalurus melas) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), hybrid basses (Morone chrysops X Morone saxatilis) and largemouth black bass (Micropterus salmoides). The most important species cultured in marine and brackish waters are European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Small productions are recorded for grey mullets, European eel (Anguilla anguilla), sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo), shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa) and meagre (Argyrosomus regius). New candidate species for aquaculture are greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) and common sole (Solea solea) for which hatchery technologies are currently being finalized. The fattening of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) started in 2. Italy, in Sicily, Calabria, Apulia, Campania and stopped in 2. Shellfish production is mainly focused on Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and Japanese carpet shell (Ruditapes philippinarum). Other species are grooved carpet shell (Ruditapes decussatus). Pacific cupped oyster (Crassostrea gigas) with small productions, but representing a major diversification opportunity for shellfish culture. With regard to crustaceans, kuruma prawn (Penaeus japonicus) and freshwater shrimps: White- clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) and Red swamp crawfish (Procambarus clarkii) are cultured with small productions. Aquaculture in Italy is characterized by different culture systems and production technologies. Extensive culture is practiced in large surfaces, at low densities (1. Valli” and coastal lagoons. Reservoirs/man made lakes. Semi- extensive culture is practiced in earthern ponds, at densities which greatly vary, somewhere in between intensive and extensive culture, up to 1 kg/m. The main systems used for intensive culture, with productions of 1. Ponds, raceways and tanks. Floating and submergible cages. Shellfish culture is carried out. In floating system (longlines). Traditional fixed method. As bottom culture. Shellfish. Shellfish (mussels and carpet shells) represent the main productive segment in terms of weight, accounting for 6. Italian aquaculture production. Mediterranean mussel is quantitatively the most important species. In 2. 01. 3, 6. 4 2. Productions significantly fluctuated in the past decade, mainly due to bureaucratic issues, environmental problems (algal blooms) and extreme weather events.
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